THE HAGUE, Netherlands – A Spanish political organization has filed a complaint with the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, requesting an investigation into whether Morocco’s King Mohammed VI and Prime Minister Aziz Akhannouch ordered or were aware of the mass entry of people from Morocco into the Spanish enclave of Ceuta. The complaint, submitted by Iustitia Europa, asks the Prosecutor to determine whether the events may have formed part of a “state-level operation” aimed at using civilian populations as instruments to penetrate Spanish territory en masse.
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The organization further raises the question of whether this alleged operation was intended to overwhelm Spanish border structures, generate destabilization, and condition Spain’s capacity for sovereign action. Iustitia Europa considers that, should certain aspects be confirmed, the events could be subject to investigation for potential crimes contemplated under the Rome Statute. The complaint explicitly names Mohammed VI and Aziz Akhannouch, though the organization clarifies that this inclusion “does not imply claiming that there is currently conclusive evidence of an individualized order,” precisely requesting that the Prosecutor determine whether both leaders, by virtue of their positions and responsibilities, participated in, knew of, ordered, authorized, promoted, or consciously tolerated the reported events.
One of the key aspects the organization seeks to clarify is whether Morocco used thousands of civilians against an international border with the purpose of neutralizing, hindering, or preventing the response of Spanish forces, precisely taking advantage of the civilian status of the people who took part in the movement. The complaint also calls for an investigation into whether minors under 15 years of age were used. Iustitia Europa maintains that the object of the investigation must encompass not only the materiality of the displacements but also their possible strategic instrumentalization.
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The organization also calls for determining whether Moroccan forces received instructions to omit controls designed to prevent the movement of migrants toward Spanish territory, requesting the examination of possible communications, plans, intelligence reports, meetings, or orders related to those events. Finally, Iustitia Europa asks the ICC Prosecutor to analyze whether the events may present elements characteristic of a “form of hybrid confrontation or warfare,” as well as to determine the eventual responsibilities of the named Moroccan authorities. The complaint ultimately seeks for the Prosecutor to determine whether the mass entry into Ceuta responded solely to a migratory movement or whether, on the contrary, an organized strategy from the structures of the Moroccan state may have existed.
